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个人简历

基本情况

黄晖，中国科学院南海海洋研究所海洋生物研究室研究员。

研究领域

珊瑚礁生态环境、珊瑚繁殖生物学、海洋生态环境监测与评价、海洋生物技术综合管理、其它环境监测技术与设备等

教育背景

2005年博士，中山大学

1996年硕士，中国科学院南海海洋研究所

1990年学士，湛江水产学院（现广东海洋大学）

论文发表

Zhou Guowei, Huang Hui. 2011. Low genetic diversity

of symbiotic dino?agellates (Symbiodinium) in scleractinian corals from

tropical reefs in southern Hainan Island, China. Journal of Systematics and

Evolution, 49 (6): 598–605

Huang Hui, Dong Zhijun, Huang Liangming, et al. 2011. Latitudinal variation in

algal symbionts within the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis in the

South China Sea. Marine Biology Research, 7: 208-211

Li Tao, Liu Sheng, Huang Liangmin, Huang Hui, et al. 2011. Diatom to

dinoflagellate shift in the summer phytoplankton community in a bay impacted by

nuclear power plant thermal effluent. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 424:75-85

Zhou GuoWei, Huang Hui, Dong ZhiJun, et al.

2011. Temporal stability of Symbiodinium phylotype in the scleractinian coral

Galaxea fascicularis from a tropical fringing reef in the South China Sea.

Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 29(6) :1186-1191

Qiu Dajun, Huang Liangmin, Huang Hui, et al. 2010. Two functionally distinct

ciliates dwelling in Acropora corals in Sanya, South China Sea. Applied and

Environmental Microbiology,76: 5639-5643

Huang Hui, Li XiuBao, Yang JianHui, et al. 2009. Outbreak of colonial sand tube

worm, Phragmatopoma sp., threats the survival of scleractinian corals.

Zoological Studies, 48(1): 106 DONG Zhijun, HUANG Hui, HUANG Liangmin, et al.

2009. Diversity of symbiotic algae of the genus Symbiodinium in scleractinian corals

of the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. Journal of Systematics and

Evolution, 47(4)：321-326

Li XiuBao, Hui. Huang, Lian JianSheng, et al. 2009. Effects of the multiple

stressors high temperature and reduced salinity on the photosynthesis of the

hermatypic coral Galaxea fascicularis. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29:155-159

HUANG Hui, DONG Zhijun, HUANG Liang-Min, et al. 2006. Restriction Fragment

Length Polymorphism Analysis of Large Subunit rDNA of Symbiotic Dinoflagellates

from Scleractinian Corals in the Zhubi Coral Reef of the Nansha Islands.

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,48（2）：148-152

HUANG Hui, Lian Jiansheng, Huang Xiaoping, et al, 2006. Coral cover as a proxy

of disturbance: a case study of the biodiversity of the hermatypic corals at

Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. China Science Bulletin,

51:129-135

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Leaders

Yew Hwee Ng 黄耀辉

Senior Managing Director, Adobe Greater China 大中华区高级董事总经理

Recognised as a measured and diligent leader, passionate about changing the world with digital technology.

He has been applying his experience and interests in leading Greater China to bring industry-leading Adobe solutions to local customers. Under his leadership, Adobe’s business in the mainland China, Hong Kong S.A.R of China and Taiwan area has enjoyed ongoing growth and extended coverage to operations in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

Yew Hwee is especially proud of introducing Adobe Creative Cloud to the mainland China market in November 2016, bringing a subscription model and a tailor-made cloud delivery model to mainland customers for the first time.

“These are significant milestones for Adobe China that have helped our customers accelerate their business transformation in the digital world,” Yew Hwee says.

Yew Hwee has more than 20 years’ experience in the technology industry beginning at IBM, where he has held various management roles. He joined Adobe through the acquisition of Macromedia in 2005, where he was leading ASEAN and South Asia for several years.

Yew Hwee lives in Beijing with his family. Music is an important party of his live and Twenty-one Pilots is currently his favourite band. He is also very active at sports, playing soccer regularly on weekends.

If Yew Hwee were not working for Adobe, he would be a talent scout looking to uncover the next great rock band.

作为 Adobe 团队领导人，黄耀辉被公认为温和且勤勉，对通过数字化改变世界充满热情。他充满激情地投身于大中华区（包括中国大陆、中國香港和台湾地區）的事业，将业界领先的 Adobe 解决方案推广给本地客户。在他的领导下，Adobe 大中华区的业务不断发展，并已扩展至上海、广州和深圳。

令黄耀辉特别感到自豪的是，他于 2016 年 11 月将 Adobe Creative Cloud 引入中国大陆市场，并且首次向大陆客户推出一种全新的订购模式和定制化的云交付模式。他表示：“这些都是 Adobe 中国的重要里程碑，有助于我们的客户加速其数字化领域的业务转型。”

黄耀辉与 Adobe 的交集始于2005年 Adobe 对 Macromedia 的收购。当时，黄耀辉已在 Macromedia 工作多年，负责领导其在东盟和南亚的业务。此后，他加入 Adobe 担任香港和台湾地区经理。在负责领导大中华区业务前，他还曾任 Adobe 亚太区渠道总监。

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中国科学院机构知识库网格系统: 海南岛西北部海域珊瑚礁造礁石珊瑚种类组成与分布

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CAS IR Grid

烟台海岸带研究所

中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所

中科院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室

热门海南岛西北部海域珊瑚礁造礁石珊瑚种类组成与分布文献类型：期刊论文

作者黄晖

; 尤丰

; 练健生

; 张成龙

; 杨剑辉

; 李秀保

; 袁涛

; 董志军

刊名海洋科学

出版日期2012-09-15

卷号36期号:9页码:64-74ISSN号1000-3096

关键词海南岛

珊瑚礁

种类多样性

造礁石珊瑚

其他题名Composition and distribution of scleractinian coral in the northwest of Hainan island

产权排序中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站;中国科学院海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室;中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所;

中文摘要调查了海南岛西北部海域造礁石珊瑚种类的多样性及分布。结果表明:共发现50种造礁石珊瑚和1种多孔螅。海南岛西北部造礁石珊瑚优势种为澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)和丛生盔形珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis),与历史资料相比优势种发生明显变化;海南岛西北部海域造礁石珊瑚覆盖率急剧下降,是由自然因素和人为活动共同造成;海南岛西北部海域是北部湾、琼州海峡和南海的重要交汇点,可能是造礁石珊瑚幼虫扩散的重要通道,对华南沿岸造礁石珊瑚资源自然恢复起到重要作用。因此,未来的海洋管理应该加强对珊瑚礁的保护力度,开发利用与环境保护并重,这样才能有效保护海南岛西北部海域的珊瑚礁。

英文摘要The diversity and spatial distribution of Scleractinian corals in northwestern of Hainan island were investigated and there were 50 species of Scleractinian corals and one non-Scleratinia coral (Millepora sp.) were found. The results showed that the dominant Scleractinia corals are Porites lutea and Galaxea fascicularis, which has undergone significant changes over several years, in the coral reef of the Hainan island northwestern. With the impact of natural factors and human activities on coral reefs, the coverage of coral has rapidly decreased. The areas are located in the transition region of Beibu Gulf, Qiongzhou sea and South China sea, and might be the main channel for coral larve planula diffusion, which play a key role to the conservation and restoration of coral reefs in South China. Therefore, reasonable coordination marine fisheries and protection of environment were necessary for the conservation of the coral reef in the northwest of Hainan island.

学科主题海洋科学

收录类别CSCD

语种中文

CSCD记录号CSCD:4673266

公开日期2013-03-08

源URL[http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/5783]

专题烟台海岸带研究所_中科院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室

推荐引用方式GB/T 7714

黄晖,尤丰,练健生,等. 海南岛西北部海域珊瑚礁造礁石珊瑚种类组成与分布[J]. 海洋科学,2012,36(9):64-74.

APA

黄晖.,尤丰.,练健生.,张成龙.,杨剑辉.,...&董志军.(2012).海南岛西北部海域珊瑚礁造礁石珊瑚种类组成与分布.海洋科学,36(9),64-74.

MLA

黄晖,et al."海南岛西北部海域珊瑚礁造礁石珊瑚种类组成与分布".海洋科学 36.9(2012):64-74.

入库方式： OAI收割

来源：烟台海岸带研究所

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中国科学院机构知识库网格系统: 两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻分子系统分类及其对水温升高的响应研究

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近岸生态与环境实验室

两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻分子系统分类及其对水温升高的响应研究文献类型：期刊论文

作者董志军

; 黄晖

; 黄良民

; 李元超

; 时翔

刊名海洋学报(中文版)

出版日期2008-12-31

卷号31期号:04 页码:141-148ISSN号0253-4193

关键词珊瑚白化

造礁石珊瑚

虫黄藻

共生藻

其他题名Symbiotic algae in two scleractinian corals: molecular phylogeny and their response to elevated temperatures

通讯作者董志军

产权排序中国科学院南海海洋研究所海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室;中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所

英文摘要珊瑚白化是导致全球珊瑚礁生态系统衰退的最重要原因之一,野外观察结果表明不同种属的造礁石珊瑚对于海水温度升高的耐受性有所差异.选取多孔鹿角珊瑚(Acropora millepora)和丛生盔形珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis)为研究对象,比较其共生藻在温度升高时的光生理差异.对多孔鹿角珊瑚和丛生盔形珊瑚共生藻的分子系统学研究结果表明:多孔鹿角珊瑚和丛生盔形珊瑚的共生藻属于不同系群,丛生盔形珊瑚共生藻属于D系群,而多孔鹿角珊瑚共生藻属于C1亚系群.当温度升高到30℃时并未对两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻光合系统Ⅱ造成损害,而当温度升高到34℃时两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻的F_v/F_m值急剧下降,其光合系统Ⅱ遭受损害.多孔鹿角珊瑚和丛生盔形珊瑚分别与不同系群的共生藻共生可能是导致其对海水温度升高耐受性不同的主要原因,与C1亚系群共生藻共生的多孔鹿角珊瑚对水温升高敏感,容易白化,而与D系群共生藻共生的丛生盔形珊瑚对水温升高的耐受性强,不易白化.

学科主题生态学

语种中文

CSCD记录号CSCD:3746212

公开日期2011-07-18

源URL[http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/4112]

专题烟台海岸带研究所_近岸生态与环境实验室

推荐引用方式GB/T 7714

董志军,黄晖,黄良民,等. 两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻分子系统分类及其对水温升高的响应研究[J]. 海洋学报(中文版) ,2008,31(04 ):141-148.

APA

董志军,黄晖,黄良民,李元超,&时翔.(2008).两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻分子系统分类及其对水温升高的响应研究.海洋学报(中文版) ,31(04 ),141-148.

MLA

董志军,et al."两种造礁石珊瑚共生藻分子系统分类及其对水温升高的响应研究".海洋学报(中文版) 31.04 (2008):141-148.

入库方式： OAI收割

来源：烟台海岸带研究所

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选区激光熔化AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr合金微观组织及力学性能强化

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金属学报 2022, Vol. 58 Issue (9): 1108-1117 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00085

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

选区激光熔化AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr合金微观组织及力学性能强化

杨天野, 崔丽(), 贺定勇, 黄晖

北京工业大学材料与制造学部北京 100124

Enhancement of Microstructure and Mechanical Property of AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

YANG Tianye, CUI Li(), HE Dingyong, HUANG Hui

Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

引用本文:

杨天野, 崔丽, 贺定勇, 黄晖. 选区激光熔化AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr合金微观组织及力学性能强化[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(9): 1108-1117.

Tianye YANG,

Li CUI,

Dingyong HE,

Hui HUANG.

Enhancement of Microstructure and Mechanical Property of AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(9): 1108-1117.

摘要

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摘要: 采用气雾化制粉技术原位合金化制备了AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr粉末,研究了选区激光熔化(SLM)成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr试样的相对密度、微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr试样的相对密度为99.20%,显微硬度为156.5 HV,室温抗拉强度达到461 MPa,屈服强度为304 MPa,相对于常规AlSi10Mg试样显微硬度提升了25.8%,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高了22.6%和26.7%。这是由于Er、Zr元素的加入,细化了SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr试样的晶粒尺寸,并且使α-Al基体中Si元素的固溶度增加,由细晶强化和固溶强化机制共同作用提高了AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr合金的力学性能。

关键词：

选区激光熔化,

AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr合金,

稀土元素,

显微组织,

力学性能

Abstract：The AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) has attracted attention because of its excellent quality and properties. However, the mechanical properties of SLM AlSi10Mg alloy cannot meet the requirements of the high strength of aluminum alloys in the aerospace industry. To improve the mechanical properties of SLM AlSi10Mg alloy, AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr powders were prepared using in situ alloying mechanism and gas atomization. The relative density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of SLM AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr alloys have been investigated. The results show that the relative density of AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr alloys fabricated using SLM reaches 99.20%. The SLM AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr alloy has a microhardness value of 156.5 HV. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) of the SLM AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr alloy can reach 461 and 304 MPa, respectively. Compared with the conventional AlSi10Mg alloy, the microhardness has been increased by 25.8%; the UTS and YS are increased by 22.6% and 26.7%, respectively. The fine-grain and solid solution strengthening associated with SLM processing with the addition of Er and Zr elements, as a result of increased grain size refinement and solid solubility of Si element in the α-Al matrix, are responsible for the improvement in the mechanical properties.

Key words：

selective laser melting

AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr alloy

rare earth element

microstructure

mechanical property

收稿日期: 2021-02-26

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51621003)

作者简介: 杨天野,男,1996年生,硕士生

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杨天野

崔丽

贺定勇

黄晖

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AlloyCuFeMgMnNiSiZnErZrAlAlSi10Mg-Er-Zr≤ 0.050.110.300.37≤ 0.059.11≤ 0.100.640.41Bal.AlSi10Mg≤ 0.050.150.350.45≤ 0.059.76≤ 0.10--Bal.

表 1 AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr及AlSi10Mg合金粉末化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr试样相对密度与激光能量密度的关系

图2 选区激光熔化(SLM)成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr试样宏观组织形貌

图3 SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr及AlSi10Mg试样的SEM像

图4 SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr及AlSi10Mg试样的XRD谱

SampleUTSYSHardnessMPaMPaHVAlSi10Mg-Er-Zr461 ± 4304 ± 3156 ± 7AlSi10Mg376 ± 4240 ± 3124 ± 5

表2 SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr与AlSi10Mg试样的力学性能

图5 SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr及AlSi10Mg试样组织反极图及晶粒尺寸分布图

图6 SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr试样TEM像及HRTEM像

图7 SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr及AlSi10Mg试样高倍SEM照片及EDS结果

图8 SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr试样中合金元素分布

图 9 SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr与AlSi10Mg试样Schmid因子分布图

图10 SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr与AlSi10Mg试样织构分布图

SampleCubeGossRPShearBrassCopperSAlSi10Mg-Er-Zr2.811.237.135.633.533.413.631.08AlSi10Mg11.703.017.621.406.106.412.331.83

表3 SLM成形AlSi10Mg-Er-Zr与AlSi10Mg试样织构含量 (volume fraction / %)

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Al3M(M=Ti, Zr, Hf)亚稳相和平衡相的价电子结构分析

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金属学报 2012, Vol. 48 Issue (4): 492-501 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1037.2011.00742

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本期目录 | 过刊浏览

Al3M(M=Ti, Zr, Hf)亚稳相和平衡相的价电子结构分析

黄炼,高坤元,文胜平,黄晖,王为,聂祚仁

北京工业大学材料科学与工程学院, 北京 100124

VALENCE ELECTRON STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF EQUILIBRIUM AND METASTABLE PHASES OF Al3M(M=Ti, Zr, Hf)

HUANG Lian, GAO Kunyuan, WEN Shengping, HUANG Hui, WANG Wei, NIE Zuoren

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124

引用本文:

黄炼,高坤元,文胜平,黄晖,王为,聂祚仁. Al3M(M=Ti, Zr, Hf)亚稳相和平衡相的价电子结构分析[J]. 金属学报, 2012, 48(4): 492-501.

VALENCE ELECTRON STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF EQUILIBRIUM AND METASTABLE PHASES OF Al3M(M=Ti, Zr, Hf)[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2012, 48(4): 492-501.

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摘要: 本文运用固体与分子经验电子理论(EET)计算了Al3M(M=Ti, Zr, Hf)的3种晶体结构(L12, D022, D023)的价电子结构和最强键键能, 并依此对各种结构的相稳定性及相变顺序做半定量分析. 结果显示: 各平衡相, 即D022-Al3Ti, D023-Al3Zr 和D022-Al3Hf, 其最强键键能分别为57.7, 71.6和 75.6 kJ/mol, 与对应平衡相的熔点高低次序一致, 确认了EET计算结果的可靠性. 使用这一方法计算获得Al3Ti, Al3Zr 和Al3Hf的最强键键能, 依此得出各亚稳相向平衡相的转变顺序与实验结果及第一性原理计算的结果相同. EET计算的最强键键能可作为评价亚稳相稳定性的一个判据. 据此, 由计算获得 L12型Al3M最强键键能推论各相的稳定性次序为Al3Ti3Zr3Hf, 与实验所得的相稳定性次序一致, 表明最强键键能作为亚稳相稳定性判据的正确性.

关键词：

价电子结构,

Al3M(M=Ti, Zr, Hf),

亚稳相,

相的稳定性

Abstract：The valence electron structure of Al3M(M=Ti, Zr, Hf) with three crystal structures (L12, D022, D023) and the corresponding strongest bond energy (EA) values have been calculated from the empirical electron theory (EET) of solids and molecules. Based on the calculated EA, the stability of the phases with different structures and the sequence of phase transition have been analyzed semi--quantitatively. The results showed that, the EA of the equilibrium phases, i.e., D022-Al3Ti, D023-Al3Zr and D022-Al3Hf, were 57.7, 71.6 and 75.6 kJ/mol, respectively, which showed the same trend in magnitude with the corresponding melting point. This consistence supports the reliability of EET--based calculation results. Similarly, the EAof Al3Ti, Al3Zr and Al3Hf with three structures have been calculated and the calculated phase transition sequences are the same as the experimental results and those from first--principles calculation. The L12-type metastable phases of three intermetallic compounds exhibit many excellent characteristics, whereas their phase stability is crucial for application. The EA is supposed to be a measure for the stability of metastable phase. The calculated EA of L12 structure implied the phase stability in the order of Al3Ti3Zr3Hf, which was the same as that from the transition temperatures experimentally. The EA calculated by EET, therefore, could be a good measure for the stability of metastable phase.

Key words：

valence electron structure

Al3M(M=Ti, Zr, Hf)

metastable phase

phase stability

收稿日期: 2011-11-30

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目51101001, 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目2012CB619503和高校博士学科点专项基金20091103120015资助

作者简介: 黄炼, 男, 1984年生, 硕士生

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黄炼

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链接本文:

https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1037.2011.00742

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2012/V48/I4/492

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滑石粉和PLA-g-MAH对聚乳酸结晶性能和熔体强度的改善

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高等学校化学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 2089.doi: 10.7503/cjcu20180006

• 高分子化学 •

滑石粉和PLA-g-MAH对聚乳酸结晶性能和熔体强度的改善

韩嘉晖, 黄汉雄(), 黄宇霄

华南理工大学聚合物成型加工工程教育部重点实验室, 微/纳成型与流变学研究室, 广州 510640

收稿日期:2018-01-03

出版日期:2018-07-30

发布日期:2018-07-30

作者简介:联系人简介: 黄汉雄, 男, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事高分子材料加工设备与工程研究. E-mail: mmhuang@scut.edu.cn

基金资助:广东省自然科学基金(批准号: 2016A030308018)资助.

Improving Crystallization Behavior and Melt Strength of Poly(lactic acid) via Adding Talc and PLA-g-MAH†

HAN Jiahui, HUANG Hanxiong*(), HUANG Yuxiao

Lab for Micro/Nano Molding and Polymer Rheology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received:2018-01-03

Online:2018-07-30

Published:2018-07-30

Contact:

HUANG Hanxiong

E-mail:mmhuang@scut.edu.cn

Supported by:† Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China(No.2016A030308018).

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摘要/Abstract

摘要：采用混沌混炼单螺杆挤出机, 制备马来酸酐接枝聚乳酸(PLA-g-MAH), 进而制备PLA/滑石粉(5%, 10%和20%, 质量分数)和PLA/滑石粉(20%)/PLA-g-MAH(5%和10%)复合材料. 复合材料样品中滑石粉的分散状态良好, 滑石粉含量高达20%时未发生团聚. 20%滑石粉和10% PLA-g-MAH使复合材料中PLA的α晶含量明显增加, 结晶度提高至31.6%. 在175 ℃下, PLA样品的熔体强度仅为3.6 mN, 20%滑石粉明显提高了PLA的熔体强度(11.6 mN), 这是由于分散较均匀的片状滑石粉对PLA熔体起增强效应并可提高PLA结晶速率, 对PLA结晶有促进效应. 与PLA样品对比, PLA/滑石粉(20%)/PLA-g-MAH(5%)复合材料的杨氏模量和冲击强度分别提高了51.7%和16.9%.

关键词:

聚乳酸,

滑石粉,

马来酸酐,

复合材料,

结晶性能,

熔体强度

Abstract: Talc and PLA-g-maleic anhydride(PLA-g-MAH) were added to polylactide(PLA) to simultaneously improve its melt strength, crystallinity(Xc) and mechanical properties. Using a single-screw extruder with a chaotic mixing screw developed in our group, the PLA-g-MAH was prepared via reactive extrusion. Its grafting rate is measured to be 1%. Then, a series of PLA/talc(5%, 10% and 20%, mass fraction) and PLA/talc(20%, mass fraction)/PLA-g-MAH(5% and 10%, mass fraction) composites were prepared using the same extruder. The chaotic mixing in the extruder effectively improves the dispersion of the talc in the PLA matrix, and the talc of up to 20% almost does not agglomerate. Adding the PLA-g-MAH into the composites reduces the voids and the gaps around the talc on the cyrofractured surfaces and improves the interfacial adhesion between the PLA and talc. For the PLA/talc(20%) composite samples with 10% PLA-g-MAH, the α crystal content of the PLA is increased obviously and its Xc is increased to 31.6%. At 175 ℃, the melt strength for the PLA sample is relatively low(3.6 mN), and it is obviously enhanced(11.6 mN) for the composite sample with 20% talc. The explanation for this is as follows. The well dispersed talc has a reinforcing effect on the PLA melt and increases the crystallization behavior of PLA; moreover, the draw-down force can improve both effects of the orientation-induced PLA crystallization and the increased PLA crystallization behavior by the added talc. Compared with the PLA sample, the PLA/talc(20%)/PLA-g-MAH(5%) sample exhibits increments of 51.7% and 16.9% for the Young’s modulus and impact strength, respectively.

Key words:

Poly(lactic acid),

Talc,

Maleic anhydride,

Composite,

Crystallization behavior,

Melt strength

TrendMD:

引用本文

韩嘉晖, 黄汉雄, 黄宇霄. 滑石粉和PLA-g-MAH对聚乳酸结晶性能和熔体强度的改善. 高等学校化学学报, 2018, 39(9): 2089.

HAN Jiahui,HUANG Hanxiong,HUANG Yuxiao. Improving Crystallization Behavior and Melt Strength of Poly(lactic acid) via Adding Talc and PLA-g-MAH†. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2018, 39(9): 2089.

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Open AccessReview

The Fascinating Effects of Baicalein on Cancer: A Review

Hui LiuHui Liu

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1, Yonghui DongYonghui Dong

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1,*

Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China

Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China

Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(10), 1681; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101681

Submission received: 23 August 2016

Revised: 23 September 2016

Accepted: 26 September 2016

Published: 9 October 2016

(This article belongs to the Section Bioactives and Nutraceuticals)

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Abstract:

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a major global health problem. In recent decades, the rates of both mortality and morbidity of cancer have rapidly increased for a variety of reasons. Despite treatment options, there are serious side effects associated with chemotherapy drugs and multiple forms of drug resistance that significantly reduce their effects. There is an accumulating amount of evidence on the pharmacological activities of baicalein (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and antitumor effects). Furthermore, there has been great progress in elucidating the target mechanisms and signaling pathways of baicalein’s anti-cancer potential. The anti-tumor functions of baicalein are mainly due to its capacities to inhibit complexes of cyclins to regulate the cell cycle, to scavenge oxidative radicals, to attenuate mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activities, to induce apoptosis by activating caspase-9/-3 and to inhibit tumorinvasion and metastasis by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9). In this review, we focused on the relevant biological mechanisms of baicalein involved in inhibiting various cancers, such as bladder cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. Moreover, we also summarized the specific mechanisms by which baicalein inhibited the growth of various tumors in vivo. Taken together, baicalein may be developed as a potential, novel anticancer drug to treat tumors.

Keywords: baicalein; flavonoids; MAPK; Akt; reactive oxygen species (ROS); cancer; therapy

Graphical Abstract

1. IntroductionCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a major global health problem [1]. In fact, mortality and morbidity rates are continuing to rise in both the developed and developing areas of the world. As such, there needs to be much more attention paid to this public health burden. In terms of childhood cancer specifically, the survival rate has dramatically increased over time in developed countries, while it remains low in low- and middle-income countries due to economic, genetic, and environmental factors [2]. With progress in science and technology, there have been unprecedented advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, the majority of cancers still present an insurmountable challenge for the current medical system. Today, the primary treatment approaches for most tumors are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Despite these options, treatment effects are significantly reduced because of the serious side effects of chemotherapy drugs and the occurrence of multiple forms of drug resistance.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its effective treatment outcomes in relation to human diseases. For example, arsenic trioxide, a major component of arsenic, is an effective agent in treating patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia [3]. Artemisinin, one of the major compounds extracted from sweet wormwood, is a leading treatment for patients with malaria [4]. Vinca alkaloids, extracted from catharanthus roseus, have achieved great success in curing cancers [5]. Among multitudinous herbs, flavonoids are becoming more accepted as chemotherapeutic and dietary chemoprevention agents [6,7]. Furthermore, these natural agents have many advantages such as better accessibility and affordability, as well as lower toxicity in comparison with traditional chemotherapy agents [8]. Baicalein is a flavone and an active ingredient in the traditional herb, Huang Qin. There is an accumulating amount of evidence that demonstrates baicalein’s role in treating and preventing various types of cancer [9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. In this review, we explored its chemical structure, properties, and possible biological mechanisms through which it acts. Furthermore, our goal was to understand more fully the potential molecular mechanisms and targets of baicalein (both in vitro and in vivo) in the hope that this novel, anticancer agent could be used in future cancer treatments. 2. The Property and Antitumor Effect of BaicaleinBaicalein is one of the major, active constituents of Scutellariae radix (also known as Chinese Huang Qin) and is isolated from its root. The prominent, structural feature of baicalein is the di-orthohydroxyl functional group, which is found on ring-A in its molecular structure [16]. The chemical structure and properties of baicalein are shown in Figure 1. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that baicalein exerts multiple pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory [17], antioxidant [18], and antiviral [19] properties, as well as protection against cardiovascular illness [20]. In the past decade, there has been great progress in exploring the target mechanisms and signaling pathways of baicalein’s anti-cancer potential. The main molecular mechanisms of the anti-tumor effects of baicalein include inhibiting several cyclins or cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to regulate the cell cycle [9], scavenging oxidative radicals, attenuating MAPK, Akt or mTOR activities [15], inducing apoptosis through activating caspase-9/-3 [11] and inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis by reducing the expression of MMP-2/-9 [14]. As shown in Figure 2, we summarized the relevant biological mechanisms of baicalein involved in inhibiting various types of cancer (e.g., bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, melanoma/skin cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer). This review attempts to elucidate the various antitumor effects of baicalein. 3. Baicalein and Bladder CancerBladder cancer is one of the most frequent, primitive malignancies and the second most common cancer of the urinary system after prostate cancer [21]. According to the latest estimates in the USA, there will be 76,960 newly diagnosed cases of bladder cancer in 2016, and 16,390 deaths caused by bladder cancer [22]. Urothelial carcinoma is the most common, histological type of bladder cancer, accounting for about 90% of cases. The primary treatment options for patients are transurethral resections of their tumors and intravesical chemotherapy [23]. However, various side effects and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents are both barriers to the effectiveness of treatment. A recent study reported that baicalein induced apoptosis in T24 bladder cancer cells, by activating the mitochondrial-dependent caspase pathway and inhibiting Akt phosphorylation. More specifically, baicalein inhibited the growth of T24 cells by blocking cell cycle progression at the G1/S phase of division and induced apoptosis by activating caspase-9 and caspase-3, downregulating Bcl-2 expression, and upregulating Bax expression [24]. Results from another study demonstrated that baicalein inhibited the proliferation of human bladder papillary transitional carcinoma cells by arresting cell cycle progression in the G1 and S phase of division. More specifically, baicalein arrested cell cycle progression by decreasing the protein levels of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1. In addition, baicalein reduced the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9, and subsequent invasion of cancer cells [9]. Some researchers have also reported that baicalein inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of CDC2/cyclin B1 [25]. Baicalein also induced cell death by reducing the expression of securin, while also inhibiting cancer cell death by affecting the expression of p-AKT and γ-H2AX [26]. Furthermore, a study on in vivo tumor xenografts in C3H/HeN mice showed that baicalein significantly inhibited tumor growth [27]. Interestingly, another in vivo experiment revealed that baicalein did not affect the growth of bladder tumors [9]. The different results between these two animal models may be due to the different doses and dosing frequencies of baicalein. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that there is great promise for treating bladder cancer with baicalein. 4. Baicalein and Breast CancerBreast cancer is one of the most frequent, primitive malignant tumors in women and has a high probability of metastases and poor prognosis. It is estimated that in the USA, there will be 246,660 new cases of breast cancer and 40,450 deaths as a result of breast cancer in 2016 [22]. A preliminary study attempted to investigate the molecular mechanism of baicalein-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer MD Anderson (MDA)-MB-231 cells. Baicalein (25–100 µM) disrupted the level of mitochondrial potential, released cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, and activated caspase-3. In addition, the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was downregulated, while the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was upregulated [28]. A study published in 2002 reported that baicalein strongly induced estrogen receptor (ER)-positive michigan cancer foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell apoptosis via suppressing 17β-estradiol-induced transactivation [29]. Another follow-up study indicated that baicalein-8-sodium sulfonate (BcS), a baicalein sulfated derivative, displayed a strong inhibition proliferation effect on MCF-7 cells via a ROS-dependent apoptosis pathway [30]. A combination study of baicalin and baicalein was performed showing their efficacy at causing apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. This study indicated that the combination of baicalin and baicalein had a synergistic effect on inducing apoptosis in tumor cells by activating caspase-3 and caspase-9, reducing Bcl-2 expression, and increasing Bax or p53 expression via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/p38 MAPK pathway [31]. Additionally, some studies reported that baicalein effectively suppressed adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis in breast cancer cells. One study reported that baicalein inhibited cell adhesion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells by reducing the expression of MMP-2/9 and downregulating MAPK [32]. Another study indicated that baicalein not only suppressed proliferation and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro but also inhibited tumor metastasis in vivo. This study provided evidence for using baicalein as a promising agent in the treatment of metastasis in patients with breast cancer. The molecular mechanism of baicalein works via inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and downregulation of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (SATB1) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways [10]. Consistent with the results of a former study by Ma et al., Gao et al. also reported that baicalein inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells by suppressing the expression of SATB1. SATB1 is highly expressed in numerous solid tumors and considered to be one of the important target molecules for antitumor agents [33]. Furthermore, a recent study reported that baicalein inhibited tumor growth in vivo via upregulation of DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) expression, which mediated the inhibition of mTOR in a breast cancer xenogeneic mouse model [34]. Collectively, these studies demonstrated that baicalein could be developed as a promising drug against breast cancer by targeting different pathways. 5. Baicalein and Cervical CancerA small number of publications have researched the potential of baicalein in treating patients with cervical cancer. According to estimates in the USA, there will be 12,990 new cases of cervical cancer and 4120 deaths related to this disease in 2016 [22]. Cervical cancer remains an important health concern for women because of its high prevalence and morbidity rates in developing countries. A recent study reported that baicalein induced apoptosis in human cervical cancer via the activation of the mitochondrial and death-receptor pathways. Results from this study showed that baicalein inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells through upregulating the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression and promoting the activation of Fas, FasL, and caspase-8 [11]. Another in vivo study revealed similar results in mice with U14 cervical cancer. This study showed that baicalein obviously inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in U14 cervical cancer cells by upregulating the expression of Bax and downregulating the level of Bcl-2 [35]. These studies indicated that baicalein may be a promising agent for treating patients with cervical cancer. 6. Baicalein and Colorectal CancerColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant neoplasm. It has been a growing health problem worldwide and has seriously damaged the health of millions people [36]. In the USA, it is estimated that there will be 133,490 cases of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer, as well as 49,190 colorectal cancer-related deaths in 2016 [22]. Baicalein has been shown to induce DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation, as well as block cell cycle progression in the G1 phase of division in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. In addition, the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was downregulated while the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner. The in vivo results of this study also proved that baicalein promoted apoptotic cell death of HT-29 colon tumor xenografts. These results also indicated that baicalein-induced apoptosis is mediated through Akt activation in a p53-dependent manner [37]. Baicalein treatment also arrested the cell cycle at the S phase of division and promoted apoptosis in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT116 cells) via the activation of caspase-3 and -9 [38]. Another study reported that baicalein inhibited the growth of HCT116 cells and induced cellular apoptosis. Additionally, baicalein has the ability to exert chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory effects in the colon; this is related to inflammation associated-carcinogenesis through activating PPARγ and subsequent inhibition of NF-κB activation. This was an in vivo study that also supported the findings of an in vitro study revealing baicalein’s antitumor activity in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis and a colon cancer model in mice [39]. Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 are crucial proteases for the invasion and migration of CRC cells. Treatment of CRC cells with baicalein significantly inhibited cellular migration and invasion by suppressing the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (via inhibition of the Akt pathway) [12]. Another group looked at the effect of baicalein on DLD-1 cells (colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) using proteomic analysis. Their results showed that baicalein was able to exert an inhibition effect on the proliferation of DLD-1 cells and decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through up-regulating the expression of peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6) [40]. Collectively, these findings established that baicalein could be developed as a promising antitumor drug to treat colorectal cancer. 7. Baicalein and Gastric CancerGastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common aggressive cancer in the world. There are approximately 990,000 newly-diagnosed cases and about 740,000 gastric cancer-related deaths every year [41]. The main treatment strategy for patients with gastric cancer remains a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, the prognosis of these patients is still poor due to the various side effects and multiple forms of drug resistance. A recent study reported that baicalein induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase of division and promoted apoptosis in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell lines via downregulation and upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bax levels, respectively. An in vivo study also revealed that baicalein excellently inhibited tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft models [42]. Baicalein treatment inhibited the migration and invasion of GC cells in Transwell and wound-healing assays. Baicalein also decreased the expression of metastasis-associated molecules, including N-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1, and ZEB2. This study provided the basic mechanism for baicalein’s inhibition of metastasis in gastric cancer cells by inactivation of the TGF-β/Smad4 pathway [43]. Similarly, another study revealed that baicalein inhibited the invasion of gastric cancer cells by inhibition of the p38 signaling pathway and subsequent MMP-2 and MMP-9 suppression [44]. Baicalein was reported to reverse hypoxia-induced 5-FU resistance in gastric cancer AGS cells. Baicalein enhanced the sensitivity of AGS cells to 5-FU and suppressed glycolytic flux. Furthermore, it suppressed the expression of glycolysis-associated enzymes such as HK2, LDH-A, and PDK1 under hypoxic conditions, possibly via activation of the PTEN/Akt/HIF-1α pathway [45]. In conclusion, these studies reveal that baicalein may be developed as an effective therapy for treating patients with gastric cancer. 8. Baicalein and Hepatocelluar CarcinomaHepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. It was also the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in 2015 [46]. Most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma occur in underdeveloped areas of the world (especially those found in Asia and Africa). China has the highest incidence of HCC of any country and, as such, is one of the main reasons for its high number of patients with chronic hepatitis B. In recent decades, the incidence of HCC has gradually risen in the developed world (e.g., North America and Europe) [13]. Hence, the treatment of HCC with baicalein has attracted additional attention in the field of cancer research. Cell viability assays have demonstrated that baicalein is significantly cytotoxic against HCC cells. Baicalein induced both apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase of division in HCC cells, by modulating the transcription of cyclin D1 through a β-catenin-dependent mechanism [13]. Another study reported that baicalein inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced G2/M arrest in HCC J5 cells. In addition, baicalein stimulated apoptosis via a mitochondrial-dependent caspase pathway, which included the promotion of the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and Endo G, activating caspase-9 and -3, and increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 [47]. Chang et al. also confirmed that baicalein induced Hep G2 cell apoptosis by mitochondrial dysfunction. A recent study demonstrated that baicalein suppressed the expression of c-Myc, a key regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis in HCC cells. Moreover, the expression of CD24 plays a role in the growth of HCC and was downregulated by baicalein. Therefore, this study implied that baicalein inhibited the growth and survival of HCC cells via downregulation of c-Myc and CD24 levels [48]. Furthermore, HQS-3, a new derivative of baicalein, distinctly inhibited the growth of transplantable Heps tumors in mice and xenograft tumors in nude mice. The treatment of HepG2 cells with HQS-3 induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by generating ROS and downregulating the level of the anti-oxidative protein SOD2 [49]. Some researchers demonstrated that baiclalein inhibited cellular adhesion, migration, invasion, and growth of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Their findings showed that baicalein inhibited cell-ECM interactions by suppressing the activities of MMP-2, MMP-9, and u-PA. In addition, the nuclear translocation of p50 and p65, and the phosphorylation of I-kappa-B (IΚB)-β, were also downregulated by baicalein. This study provided a molecular mechanism for using baicalein as an anti-metastatic agent by inhibiting the expression of protein kinase C α (PKCα) and p38 MAPK [50]. The latest study found that baicalein triggered protective autophagy in HCC cells. The AKT/mTOR pathway is known as the key regulator of autophagy and was inhibited by baicalein in HepG2 cells [51]. Another study showed that baicalein induced autophagy via endoplasmic reticulum stress in human HCC cell lines SMMC-7721 and Bel-7402 [52]. These findings determined that the combination treatment of baicalein and autophagy inhibitors may be more effective as an anticancer therapy. In addition, the treatment of hepatoma HepG2 cells with a combination of baicalein and silymarin was obviously superior to baicalein or silymarin alone [53]. This combined treatment provided a novel insight for future clinical therapy of HCC. Together, this information suggests that baicalein is a promising candidate for the treatment of HCC. 9. Baicalein and Melanoma/Skin CancerMelanoma is a potentially malignant and lethal type of skin cancer. According to the latest estimates in the USA, there will be 76,380 new cases of melanoma and 10,130 melanoma-related deaths in 2016 [22]. Therefore, more in-depth research is required to treat this disease. Some early studies found that baicalein inhibited the growth of B16F10 melanoma cells [54]. A recent study also reported that baicalein inhibited melanogensis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells by activating the ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vitro studies revealed that the reduction of tyrosinase activity, downregulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) protein expression, and activation of ERK have been involved in the mechanisms of baicalein-mediated inhibition of melanogensis [55]. Another study showed that baicalein inhibited the proliferation of B16F10 melanoma cells through catalyzing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 12-lipoxygenase [56]. A follow-up study revealed that co-treatment of melanoma with γ- tocotorienol and baicalein had a synergistic inhibitory effect on its growth. This effect was exerted by modulating the levels of food factor sensing (FFS), especially the level of aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression (AhR) [57]. In addition to this research on melanoma, a non-melanoma skin cancer study reported that baicalein significantly inhibited 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced skin tumorigenesis. In fact, baicalein treatment inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, baicalein suppressed inflammation in DMBA/TPA induced skin cancer and reduced skin hyperplasia, as well as leukocyte infiltration [58]. Ezrin is highly expressed in skin cancer, plays an important role in the metastasis of tumors, and was found to be involved in the inhibition of skin carcinoma by baicalein. Specifically, baicalein (2.5–40 μM) inhibited the migration and invasion of A431 skin carcinoma cells via suppression of Ezrin and phos-Ezrin expression [59]. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that baicalein could be developed to treat patients with skin cancer. 10. Baicalein and Multiple MyelomaMultiple Myeloma (MM) is one of the most common incurable plasma-cell malignancies and the second most frequent hematologic malignancy. It is characterized by extensive bone destruction, a disposition to repeated infection, hyperviscosity syndrome, renal insufficiency, etc. [60]. In the USA, it is estimated that there will be 30,330 new cases of MM and 12,650 MM-related deaths in 2016. As such, MM remains a severe threat to people’s health [22]. A study involving Scutellaria Extract was conducted to examine its effects on the human multiple myeloma cell line, RPMI8226. This study found that baicalein, the major component in Scutellaria Extract, significantly reduced the number of side population (SP) cells of RPMI8226 by decreasing the expression level of ABCG2 protein [61]. Another study reported that baicalein inhibited the cell viability of RPMI8226 cells (IC50 value of 168.5 μM) and also reduced the proportion of SP cells by inhibiting the expression of ABCG2 [62]. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT) is a traditional Chinese Herbal medicine. Ma et al. found that baicalein, one of HLJDT’s main and active components, strongly inhibited the proliferation and survival of either primary myeloma cells or myeloma cell lines [63]. Furthermore, baicalein induced apoptosis of myeloma cell lines by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκB-α and reducing the expression of the IL-6 and XIAP genes. This subsequently caused a change in mitochondrialmembrane potential and the activation of caspase-9 and -3. IL-6 has been identified as a promoter for the survival and proliferation of MM cells. Baicalein could be developed as a potent inhibitor of protein phosphorylation (induced by IL-6) to treat patients with MM [64]. In addition, the combination treatment of baicalein with dexamethasone exerted the prominent suppression of MPC-1-immature myeloma cells by activating both PPARβ and glucocorticoid receptors (GR). This had a synergistic, inhibitory effect on the transcriptional activity of nuclear NF-κB [65]. Baicalein can induce the expression of cereblon (CRBN) and cause MM cells to overcome their resistance to lenalidomide. Therefore, it was confirmed that combination therapy (baicalein and lenalidomide) was more effective than monotherapy [66]. Baicalein treatment also inhibited the proliferation and migration of MM cells by downregulating the expression level of β-catenin, c-myc, cyclinD1, and integrin β7 [67]. Thus, baicalein could hold great promise as a treatment for patients with MM. However, additional research needs to be conducted before advancing to clinical application. 11. Baicalein and OsteosarcomaOsteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor worldwide, especially in adolescents and young adults. Osteosarcoma occurs principally in the metaphysis of long bones, including the distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus [68]. Currently, the primary treatment for osteosarcoma is wide surgical removal of the tumor and intensive adjuvant chemotherapy. However, there has been no significant improvement in the 5-year survival rate since the 1970s and the outcomes of available treatments remain unsatisfactory [69]. A recent study demonstrated that baicalein inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells via intracellular ROS generation and activation of BNIP3 [70]. Another study showed that baicalein induced apoptosis of MG-63 cells by targeting the c-MYC gene and activating the Wnt signaling pathway [71]. In addition, Zhang et al. found that baicalein inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth by reducing the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), followed by subsequent blocking of cell cycle progression at the G1 phase of division. Baicalein treatment also induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3, downregualtingBcl-2 expression, and upregulating Bax expression. Furthermore, baicalein decreased both the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by reducing the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 [72]. HSP70, which is essential for the survival and partial protection of tumor cells from apoptosis, was upregulated after baicalein treatment. This finding suggested that the anti-osteosarcoma property of baicalein can be strengthened in combination with some inhibitors of HSP70 [73]. Broadly speaking, baicalein could be a potential future treatment of patients with osteosarcoma. 12. Baicalein and Ovarian CancerOvarian cancer is unique to the female population and is a deadly disease worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of only 46.2%. According to the latest forecast in the USA, there will be 22,280 newly diagnosed cases of ovarian cancer and 14,240 ovarian cancer-related deaths in 2016 [22]. Most patients with ovarian cancer are usually diagnosed at advanced stages, by which time the tumor cells have metastasized to either the peritoneal or pelvic cavities. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key regulator of vasculogenesis, plays an important role in both tumor growth and metastasis [74]. He et al. found that baicalein exerted an inhibitory effect on the expression of VEGF in human ovarian cancer cell lines [75]. Another study further concluded that baicalein inhibited ovarian cancer cell viability to a greater extent than baicalin. In addition, baicalein suppressed the expression of VEGF, HIF-1α, c-Myc, and NF-κB in ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-3 and CP-70). However, baicalein had fewer effects on the viability of normal ovarian cell lines (IOSE-364) [76]. Recent research has demonstrated that baicalein inhibited the invasion of ovarian cancer cells by decreasing the expression level of MMP-2. Baicalein also suppressed the activation of a p-38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway [77]. Therefore, baicalein could be an effective treatment against ovarian cancer. 13. Baicalein and Pancreatic CancerPancreatic cancer (PaCa) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA [78] and has a 5-year survival rate of less than 5% [79]. It is known to be an enigmatic and aggressive malignancy with an extremely high mortality rate. In the USA, it is estimated that there will be 53,070 new cases of PaCa in 2016, with 41,780 PaCa-related deaths [22]. Early surgical resection is the only treatment that cures PaCa, which is only applied to a small portion of patients. Therefore, we are looking for new agents to fight this disease. Ding et al. found that both 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) were upregulated in PaCa cells and that inhibition activation of these enzymes suppressed cellular growth [80]. Baicalein is an inhibitor of 12-LOX and induced apoptosis, morphological changes, and carbonic anhydrase expression in PaCa cells. Baicalein also promoted mitochondrial cytochrome c release from mitochondria, increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression, and activated caspase-9, caspase-7 and caspase-3. An in vivo study also confirmed that baicalein inhibited tumor growth in human pancreatic cancer cell (HPAC) or AsPC-1 athymic mice xenograft models [81]. Mcl-1 is a member of the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein family and was downregulated in PaCa cells after treatment with baicalein. Furthermore, overexpression of Mcl-1 attenuated the apoptotic effect that was mediated by baicalein. Thus, baicalein induced the apoptosis of PaCa cells, in part, by downregulating the expression of Mcl-1 [82]. These findings suggest that baicalein may be developed into a promising therapeutic drug for patients with PaCa. 14. Baicalein and Prostate CancerProstate cancer is a type of fatal genitourinary cancer and is one of the most frequent malignancies in men. It is also the second most common cancer in the USA, with an expected 180,890 newly diagnosed cases and 26,120 related deaths in 2016 [22]. Available treatments for prostate cancer include prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and androgen deprivation therapy. Despite these options, treatment outcomes remain unsatisfactory due to various side effects and resistance to castration. Baicalein has been studied in prostate cancer for many years. In one study, baicalein suppressed the growth of human prostate DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Furthermore, baicalein significantly reduced the volume of DU-145 tumor cells in severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID) mice in vivo [83]. In addition, baicalein inhibited the growth of PC-3 cells by causing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase of division; this inhibition was associated with the suppression of both cyclin D1 and D3 expression. Baicalein also induced apoptosis by activation of both caspase-3 and -7, dephosphorylation of Akt, loss of survivin, and increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression in prostate cells [84]. TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising new candidate for cancer therapy as it plays a vital role in fighting tumor cells. However, some studies showed that certain cancers have a resistance to TRAIL. Baicalein lessened this resistance to TRAIL by upregulating DR5 expression and promoting the expression of ROS, thus causing TRAIL sensitization in PC3 cells [85]. Another study demonstrated that baicalein inhibited the caveolin-1/AKT/mTOR pathway in androgen-independent PCa cells, effectively augmenting apoptosis and weakening metastasis [15]. Furthermore, baicalein increased the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to radiation without affecting this sensitivity in normal cells [86]. Interestingly, a recent study reported that baicalein resulted in human cancer cell death by inducing autophagy rather than apoptosis. This study found that baicalein-induced cell death could be reversed by inhibiting the expression of Beclin 1, vacuolar protein sorting34 (Vps34), autophagy-related (Atg) 5, and Atg7 (all important modulators in autophagy) instead of by a pan-caspase inhibitor. They also demonstrated that baicalein induced autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells by activating the AMPK/ULK1 pathway and inhibiting the expression of anti-autophagic molecules of the mTOR/Raptor complex 1 [87]. These findings confirm that baicalein could be a promising agent for treating patients with prostate cancer. 15. Baicalein and Lung CancerLung cancer remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with high rates of both incidence and mortality. In the USA alone, it is estimated that there will be 224,390 new cases of lung cancer and 158,080 lung cancer-related deaths in 2016 [22]. Worldwide, there are approximately 1.8 and 1.6 million newly diagnosed cases and deaths every year, respectively [88]. To find more effective adjuvant agents for the treatment of lung cancer, Gao et al. investigated a traditional Chinese herbal medicine known as Scutellaria baicalensis. Specifically, they researched the effects of S. baicalensis on both cell growth and apoptosis of human lung cancer cell lines A549, SK-LU-1, and SK-MES-1. They found that the ethanolic extracts of S. baicalensis inhibited proliferation of both A549 and SKMES-1 cells. The effect on A549 cells was accomplished by blocking the cell cycle in the S phase of division through decreasing the expression of cyclin A, whereas the effect on SKMES-1 cells was accomplished by blocking the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase of division through decreasing the expression of cyclin D1. In addition, this herb enhanced apoptosis of lung cancer cells by increasing the expression of both p53 and Bax [89]. Another study reported that baicalein (IC50: 80 ± 6 uM), as one of the main components in S. baicalensis, played a major role in anti-proliferation effects [90]. Baicalein was shown to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in non-small cell (NSC) lung cancer H460 cells. Its effects were exerted through the reduction of both cdk1 and cyclinB1 and upregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which led to arrest in the S-phase of division as well as activation of caspase-3 [91]. Similar results were also found in a study of human lung squamous carcinoma CH27 cells [92]. Baicalein (12 mg/kg body weight) treatment significantly decreased tumor incidence, arrested tumor multiplicity, and reduced tumor load. The serum tumor markers, such as Carcinoembryonic antigen, constitute a set of glycoproteins (e.g., CK 19 fragments and lactate dehydrogenase) that further substantiate the anticancer effects of baicalein in vivo [93]. In one study on sub-cellular activities, baicalein reversed damage to nuclear DNA and restored mitochondria that had suffered oxidative damage in Swiss albino mice with lung carcinogenesis [94]. Treatment with baicalein also inhibited lung carcinogenesis by counteracting lysosomal and microsomal abnormalities through the reduction of oxidative damages and downregulation of CYP1A1 [95]. Moreover, baicalein treatment inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of NSC lung cancer cells by phosphorylation of AMPKα and MEK/ERK1/2, and upregulating the expression of RUNX3 and FOXO3a [96]. Interestingly, baicalein effectively decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-β, iNOS, COX-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9. As a result, inflammation associated with pulmonary carcinogenesis was inhibited, which helped to combat lung cancer [14]. Combination therapy of baicalein with paclitaxel, which were assembled by nanoparticles, was demonstrated to have synergistic anticancer effects in A549 lung cancer cells and in mice bearing A549/PTX drug-resistant lung cancer xenografts [97]. Collectively, baicalein showed extremely promising results in treating patients with lung cancer. 16. Potential Clinical Implication and DiscussionMultitudinous preclinical studies have proved that baicalein could be developed as a tremendous potential antitumor drug against cancer by targeting multiple molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. In addition, accumulating evidence from animal studies demonstrates that baicalein significantly inhibited tumor volume and tumor weight, such as in hepatocellular cancer [98,99] and lung cancer [95]. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the development of appropriate delivery systems and chemical modification of baicalein can enhance its efficacy in preclinical studies. Unfortunately, very few clinical trials of baicalein were conducted to study its efficacy for the treatment of tumors in clinics. In order to promote the anti-tumor potential of baicalein to clinical use, in addition to some conventional animal experimental data, some issues, such as bioavailability and toxicological profiles of baicalein, have to be comprehensively investigated before clinical trials are initiated. In some tumors, such as breast cancer [34], colorectal cancer [37] and hepatocellular cancer [13], animal experiments suggested that baicalein significantly decreased tumor weights and volumes without toxicity. Therefore, it is of great significance to select some tumors such as breast cancer or coloreactal cancer to initiate the phase I and II trials. 17. Conclusions and Future PerspectivesAs is well known, cancer is a multifactorial disease. In recent decades, the mortality and morbidity rates of cancer have rapidly increased due to environmental pollution, various carcinogens, unhealthy lifestyles, high stress levels, and pressures of work. Chemotherapy plays a vital role in the treatment of cancer patients by killing tumor cells. However, chemotherapy agents can also cause toxicity to surrounding normal tissue cells, resulting in a variety of side effects. Moreover, the effectiveness of chemotherapy is seriously limited by the occurrence of resistance. Therefore, finding a novel drug with few side effects and high efficacy has become an urgent trend in cancer therapy. Baicalein has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its strong antitumor activity and low toxicity. In this review, we introduced various molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways to elucidate its anticancer potential, including blockage of the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumor cell invasion and metastasis, potentiating the actions of chemotherapeutic agents, triggering autophagic cell death, and so on. Moreover, we also summarized specific mechanisms by which baicalein inhibited various tumor growths in vivo in Table 1. It is worth noting that the bioavailability of baicalein in vivo remains low. Despite the promising results of preclinical studies on compounds derived from baicalein, additional research is required to improve their biological effects on various cancers. Nevertheless, based on the great number of studies, we have reason to believe that baicalein may potentially be developed as a novel anticancer drug, to be administered alone or applied with current popular chemotherapeutic drugs, thus improving the future treatment of cancer.

AcknowledgmentsThis research was supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 81472082).Author ContributionsHui Liu, Yonghui Dong, Yutong Gao, Zhipeng Du, Yuting Wang, Peng Cheng, Anmin Chen, Hui Huang wrote the paper.Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.ReferencesBandhavkar, S. Cancer stem cells: A metastasizing menace! Cancer Med. 2016, 5, 649–655. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]Rodriguez-Galindo, C.; Friedrich, P.; Alcasabas, P.; Antillon, F.; Banavali, S.; Castillo, L.; Israels, T.; Jeha, S.; Harif, M.; Sullivan, M.J.; et al. Toward the cure of all children with cancer through collaborative efforts: Pediatric oncology as a global challenge. J. Clin. Oncol. 2015, 33, 3065–3073. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]Shen, Z.X.; Chen, G.Q.; Ni, J.H.; Li, X.S.; Xiong, S.M.; Qiu, Q.Y.; Zhu, J.; Tang, W.; Sun, G.L.; Yang, K.Q.; et al. 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Figure 1.

The chemical structure and major properties of baicaelin (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone). CAS, chemical abstracts service; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.

Figure 1.

The chemical structure and major properties of baicaelin (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone). CAS, chemical abstracts service; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.

Figure 2.

Baicalein inhibited various cancers through binding to and interacting with several molecular targets, such as Erk, ROS, MMP-2/-9, p53 and MAPK. These specific cellular targets which were involved in inhibiting various cancers are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Table 1.

Summary of baicalein and its anti-tumor properties in vivo.

Table 1.

Summary of baicalein and its anti-tumor properties in vivo.

CancerAnimal ModelsBaicalein DoseConclusionsReferenceBladder cancerMBT-2 cell xenografts in C3H/HeN mice0.05 and 0.1 mg/animal, i.h. for 10 daysBaicalein significantly inhibited the tumor growth[27]MB49 cell xenograft in C57BL/6 mice0.8 mg/animal, i.h. for 9 timesBaicalein slightly inhibited tumor growth with some hepatotoxicity[9]Breast cancerMDA-MB-231 cell xenograft in nude mouse50 or 100 mg/kg, b.wt., i.g. for 15 daysBaicalein suppresses breast cancer metastasis by inhibition of EMT via downregulation of SATB1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway[10]MDA468 cell xenograftin SCID-Bg mice20 mg/kg, b.wt., i.p. for 5 days/weekBaicalein suppressed tumor growth of MDA468 cancer cells without toxicity to the host and increased DDIT4[34]Colorectal cancerAOM/DSS-induced colon cancer1, 5, 10 mg/kg, b.wt., orally for 16 weeksBaicalein significantly decreased the incidence of tumor formation with inflammation[39]HCT-116 cell xenograft in athymic nude mice30 mg/kg, b.wt., i.p. every other day for 4 weeksBaicalein showed more significant inhibition of tumor growth than those of its parent compound baicalin[38]HT-29 cells xenografts in nude mice10 mg/kg, b.wt, orally three times every week for 43 daysBaicalein significantly decreased tumor weights and volumes without toxicity[37]Gastric cancerSGC-7901cell xenograft in nude mice15 and 50 mg/kg, b.wt, i.g. for 1 weekBaicalein potently inhibited the weight and size of tumors[42]Hepatocellular cancerH22 cell xenograft in ICR mice50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p. for 13 daysBaicalein significantly inhibited the tumor growth without causing obvious adverse effects on weight or liver and spleen weight[13]SK-Hep1cell xenograft in athymic BALB/c-nu mice5, 10, 20 mg/kg/day; i.p. for 32 daysBaicalein was found to significantly decrease the solid tumor mass and reduced the number of PKCα-positive cells[50]DEN-induced rat model250 mg/kg, b.wt., i.g. for 2 weeksBaicalein also reduced neoplastic nodules by inhibition of 12-LOX[98]HepG2cell xenograft in nude mice20 mg/kg/day, orallyBaicalein suppresses HCC xenograft growth via inhibition of MEK-ERK signaling and by inducing intrinsic apoptosis[99]Lung cancerB(a)P-induced lung cancer12 mg/kg, b.wt., orally for 16 weeksBaicalein abrogates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction during experimental pulmonary carcinogenesis in vivo[94]B(a)P-induced lung cancer12 mg/kg, b.wt., orally for 16 weeksBaicalein inhibited pulmonary carcinogenesis-associated inflammation and interfered with COX-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions in vivo[14]B(a)P-induced lung cancer12 mg/kg, b.wt., orally for 16 weeksBaicalein effectively negated B(a)P-induced upregulated expression of CYP1A1 and inhibited lysosomal and microsomal dysfunction.[95]B(a)P-induced lung cancer12 mg/kg, b.wt., orally for 16 weeksBaicalein significantly inhibited pulmonary adenoma formation and growth[93]Skin cancerDMBA/TPA-induced skin tumor25 mg/kg, b.wt. for 30 weeksBaicalein inhibited DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice by modulating proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation[58]B[a]P/TPA-induced skin tumor0.08, 0.16, or 0.2 pmol/animal; topical applicationBaicalein inhibited the number of TPA-induced tumors per mouse significantly[100]Pancreatic cancerHPAC and AsPC-1 cell xenograft in athymic mice250 mg/kg/day b.wt., i.g. for 4 weeksBaicalein greatly inhibited tumor volume and tumor weight[81]Prostate cancerLNCaPcell xenograft in athymic mice20 mg/kg/day, b.wt., p.o. for 4 weeksBaicalein reduced the growth of prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice by 55% at 2 weeks through inhibition of the androgen receptor signaling pathway[101]DU-145cell xenograft in SCID mice10, 20, 40 mg/kg p.o. for 4 weeksTreatment of mice with baicalein demonstrated a statistically significant tumor volume reduction[83]

i.h: subcutaneous injection; b.wt: body weight; i.g: gavage; i.p: intraperitoneally; p.o: oral administration.

© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Liu, H.; Dong, Y.; Gao, Y.; Du, Z.; Wang, Y.; Cheng, P.; Chen, A.; Huang, H.

The Fascinating Effects of Baicalein on Cancer: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1681.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101681

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Liu H, Dong Y, Gao Y, Du Z, Wang Y, Cheng P, Chen A, Huang H.

The Fascinating Effects of Baicalein on Cancer: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(10):1681.

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Liu, H.; Dong, Y.; Gao, Y.; Du, Z.; Wang, Y.; Cheng, P.; Chen, A.; Huang, H.

The Fascinating Effects of Baicalein on Cancer: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1681.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101681

AMA Style

Liu H, Dong Y, Gao Y, Du Z, Wang Y, Cheng P, Chen A, Huang H.

The Fascinating Effects of Baicalein on Cancer: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(10):1681.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101681

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Hui, Yonghui Dong, Yutong Gao, Zhipeng Du, Yuting Wang, Peng Cheng, Anmin Chen, and Hui Huang.

2016. "The Fascinating Effects of Baicalein on Cancer: A Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 10: 1681.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101681

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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长乐-南澳断裂带两侧地壳结构差异的地震-重力联合反演

地球物理学报 2017, Vol. 60 Issue (10): 3853-3862

PDF

引用本文

王笋, 丘学林, 赵明辉, 等.

2017. 长乐-南澳断裂带两侧地壳结构差异的地震-重力联合反演. 地球物理学报, 60(10): 3853-3862,

doi: 10.6038/cjg20171015.

Wang S, Qiu X L, Zhao M H, et al.

2017. Imaging crustal structure variation across the Changle-Nan'ao fault zone by the joint inversion of seismic and gravity data. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 60(10): 3853-3862,

doi: 10.6038/cjg20171015.

长乐-南澳断裂带两侧地壳结构差异的地震-重力联合反演

王笋1,2,3, 丘学林1,3, 赵明辉1, 闫培2, 陈新泽2, 李普春2, 方伟华2

1. 中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室(南海海洋研究所), 广州 510301; 2. 福建省地震局厦门地震勘测研究中心, 厦门 361021; 3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期 2017-01-25,

2017-06-05 收修定稿

基金项目: 福建省地震局青年科技基金（Y201407），国家自然科学基金（91428204，41674092）联合资助

第一作者简介: 王笋, 男, 1984年生, 在读博士, 研究方向为地震勘探和重力反演.E-mail:atrax@scsio.ac.cn

摘要：长乐-南澳断裂带出露于福建沿海地区，由于海陆过渡带的特殊性，地球物理探测受到许多限制，难以获得由陆到海的清晰而准确的深部构造形态.2014年福建省地震局采集了横跨长乐-南澳断裂带的广角反射/折射剖面（HX-6），由于观测系统的缺陷和原始资料信噪比等问题，单纯使用地震数据反演长乐-南澳断裂带的深部地壳结构有很强的不确定性，无法解答断裂带两侧地壳结构存在何种差异，影响了对断裂带构造属性和区域构造演化的正确认识.基于岩石波速和密度有良好的对应关系，地震-重力联合反演可以有效降低多解性.本文采用地震走时拟合和重力异常拟合同步进行的方法，利用最新采集的高质量P波地震走时数据与高精度实测重力数据，反演得到了连城-厦门-金门外海剖面的二维地壳波速-密度结构模型.联合反演结果显示：长乐-南澳断裂带两侧地壳厚度差约3 km，壳内分层结构和上地幔顶部波速-密度无显著变化，推断长乐-南澳断裂带是华南地块正常陆壳和台湾海峡减薄陆壳的分界.本研究结果为进一步研究该区深部构造环境和长乐-南澳断裂带的地球动力学意义提供了新的地球物理学证据.

关键词:

长乐-南澳断裂带

地震-重力联合反演

地壳结构

海陆联测

Imaging crustal structure variation across the Changle-Nan'ao fault zone by the joint inversion of seismic and gravity data

WANG Sun1,2,3, QIU Xue-Lin1,3, ZHAO Ming-Hui1, YAN Pei2, CHEN Xin-Ze2, LI Pu-Chun2, FANG Wei-Hua2

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou 510301, China; 2. Xiamen Centre for Seismic Survey, Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract:

The Changle-Nan'ao fault zone (CNFZ) is an important tectonic unit in the coastal area of Fujian, where the accurate deep tectonic structure is difficult to obtain due to the limitations and restrictions on geophysical survey in the coastal zone. A wide angle reflection/refraction profile (HX-6) was carried out in 2014 across the CNFZ by the Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, CEA. Velocity estimation by inversion of seismic data only has its intrinsic defect such as acquisition geometry and signal to noise ratio, so it was unable to determine the difference between the two sides of CNFZ due to the uncertainty of inversion, which would have an adverse impact on the research of the tectonic attribute of CNFZ and the structural evolution in this area. On account of the good correspondence between the wave speed and density of rocks, joint inversion of seismic and gravity data can decrease non unicity of the solution. And we illustrated that the fitting of seismic travel times and gravity data should be carried out synchronously, which is the key premise of reducing the multiplicity of joint inversion. A 2-D crustal velocity-density model is acquired along the Liancheng-Xiamen-Chinmen profile based on joint interpretation of P-wave travel times with good quality and gravity field data with high accuracy. The results show that the crustal thickness decreases about 3 km beneath the CNFZ from west to east; while the lateral velocity and density have no significant changes in the crust and upper mantle, respectively. Thus we can deduce that the CNFZ is a boundary between the normal continental crust of South China and the thinned continental crust of Taiwan Strait. The final crustal velocity-density model beneath the CNFZ provides new geophysical evidences for the further research on the geodynamic significance of CNFZ and the tectonic background in this region.

Key words:

Changle-Nan'ao Fault Zone (CNFZ) Joint inversion of seismic and gravity data Crustal structure Onshore-offshore seismic survey

1 引言

福建沿海地区位于华南陆块东南缘，华南陆块受印藏碰撞的影响往东南方向逃逸挤出，而菲律宾海板块往北西向快速俯冲，在此双重挤压下，研究区构造运动及地壳变形强烈，地震活动频繁(杨小秋等，2012)，是研究陆缘动力学、强震孕育环境的理想场所.研究区内已开展了大量地球物理探测研究工作，包括人工地震测深(廖其林等，1988；孙克忠等, 1991；熊绍柏等，1991；蔡辉腾等，2016)，远震接收函数(Ai et al., 2007; 黄晖等，2010)，重力探测地壳密度结构(朱思林等，1999；杨金玉等，2008)等等.这些成果为研究华南地块深部构造和区域动力学问题提供了有力的地球物理佐证，但大多受限于技术手段和历史原因，缺少台湾海峡西部的观测数据，因此难以获得由陆到海的清晰准确的深部构造形态，对福建沿海地区的深部构造解释造成了不利影响.长乐—南澳断裂带出露于闽粤沿海地区(图 1)，主要由平潭—南澳、三山—诏安及长乐—建设3条北东向次级断裂带组成(石建基和张守志，2010).对其构造属性长期以来有深断裂、中生代俯冲带、地体拼贴带等几种不同认识(Wang and Lu, 1997; 舒良树等，2000；王德滋和沈渭洲，2003；郑求根等，2005；吴根耀和矢野孝雄，2007; Wang and Shu, 2012)，这很大程度缘于上述地球物理结果差异性大、无法互相印证.例如Kuo等(2016)运用广角地震方法得到了福建—台湾的莫霍面形态，该模型中长乐—南澳断裂带深部Moho面开始显著抬升，下地壳底部波速增加，但这个部位由于缺少射线覆盖可靠性存疑；而杨金玉等(2008)视密度反演结果显示长乐—南澳断裂带两侧Moho面埋深无显著变化，在海岸线以东约20 km处下地壳视密度大幅增加，暗示下地壳发生了幔源物质底侵作用，但由于重力反演的多解性较强，该结果尚待进一步证实.

图 1

Fig. 1

图 1

福建省地质简图及长乐—南澳断裂带(F1, F2, F3) 展布位置

Fig. 1

Geological tectonic diagram of Fujian province and the location of Changle-Nan′ao fault zone (F1, F2, F3)

为深入研究长乐—南澳断裂带两侧的地壳结构特征和深部构造背景，本文首先介绍了横跨长乐—南澳断裂带的广角反射/折射剖面(HX-6) 和剖面重力资料的采集处理，由于观测系统缺陷和原始资料信噪比等问题，实际地震资料仅构成单边观测系统，因此单纯使用地震数据反演长乐—南澳断裂带的深部地壳结构有很强的不确定性，无法解答断裂带两侧地壳是厚度发生变化还是密度存在差异的科学问题.之后从地球物理联合反演的框架出发阐述了地震-重力顺序反演无法达到降低多解性的目的，走时拟合和重力异常拟合必须同步进行.假定研究区地壳上地幔顶部岩石波速和密度大致符合Nafe-Drake经验公式，使用重力数据对地震反演过程进行约束，得到了统一的连城—厦门—金门外海剖面地壳波速-密度模型，为研究长乐—南澳断裂带两侧地壳结构的差异提供了较为可靠的地球物理证据.

2 广角地震反射/折射探测

为研究福建—台湾海峡西部地区的地壳结构，近年来福建省地震局进行了大量的深地震探测工作.2010年实施了与长乐—南澳断裂带大致垂直的同安—龙岩—瑞金(FJ-3) 探测剖面，长度约250 km；2014年利用气枪震源和海底地震仪将地震测深工作拓展到长乐—南澳断裂带东侧的海域，实施了西起连城，东至金门外海的宽角反射/折射剖面(HX-6).这两条剖面走向相近、位置大致重合，因此我们将其资料合并进行处理：陆上共布设吨级爆破炮点5个，流动地震仪测点距约2 km；海上布设了气枪激发点352个，炮点距200 m，海底地震仪21台，平均点距4.0 km(图 2a).探测剖面以厦门地震台(118.28°E, 24.65°N)为原点，方位角为129°，投影长度约370 km.原始资料品质较佳，经过去野值、带通滤波、预测反褶积处理后，信噪比和波形一致性有了较大提高，准确识别出了Pg、PmP、Pn震相.测线陆上部分有较完善的射线覆盖，但由于海底地震仪数据信噪较低，未检测到陆上爆破的地震信号(图 3a)，因此对长乐—南澳断裂带仅构成海上激发陆上接收的单边观测系统(图 2b).注意到共接收点气枪记录上的Pg、PmP等震相都出现了复杂的弯曲，不同台站记录上的激发点-走时滞后关系有很好的一致性，在拼接记录上表现为规则的震相错动(图 3b)，这是由于气枪激发线下方虽然水深变化平缓(20~50 m之间，见图 5a)，但高速顶面有较大起伏；而陆上台站大多设置在裸露的基岩上，表层问题相对简单.为避免将浅部模型误差带入深部模型解释形成构造假象，我们对气枪震源资料采用在震相易于识别的共接收点域拾取走时，然后抽取其中6个气枪点(间距10 km)的走时数据在炮域进行走时拟合的做法.

图 2

Fig. 2

图 2

(a)广角反射/折射剖面FJ-3和HX-6展布图; (b)观测系统图(黑色为FJ-3数据，蓝色为HX-6数据)

Fig. 2

(a) Locations of two wide-angle reflection/refraction profiles: FJ-3 and HX-6; (b) Layout chart of FJ-3 (black lines) and HX-6 (blue lines)

图 3

Fig. 3

图 3

(a) HX-6剖面SP4爆破点记录；(b)气枪激发记录(由OBS-622、PDS-819、PDS-845、PDS-870、PDS-898拼接而成)

Fig. 3

(a) Seismic record section of the explosive source (SP4); (b) Combined record section of air gun sources (merged from OBS-622, PDS-819, PDS-845, PDS-870 and PDS-898)

图 5

Fig. 5

图 5

剖面地形(a)、空间重力异常和布格重力异常(b)分布

Fig. 5

Distribution of topography(a), free air anomaly and Bouguer gravity anomaly(b) along the profile

3 区域重力场特征与剖面重力测量

福建省地震局2015年1月在与FJ-3、HX-6大致重合的位置实施了陆上重力剖面测量，从东往西施测，在投影长度约260 km的测线上取得165个测点数据.从福建及邻区大地水准面图(图 4)上可以看出，该剖面与研究区内主要深部构造走向大致垂直，符合二维测线的布设原则.全部有效重力测点的观测数据皆经过观测改正并进行统一平差处理，经过正常重力改正、大气改正、高度改正得到空间重力异常.国家海洋局第二海洋研究所的吴招才博士提供了部分台湾海峡的船测空间重力异常数据，在移去-恢复框架下利用Sandwell & Smith全球重力模型(Sandwell et al., 2014)插补得到HX-6线海域段的空间重力异常数据.为了获取剖面测点的布格重力异常值，对各测点的空间重力异常进行了完全布格改正，最后经过插值、低通滤波，整合得到总长约370 km、覆盖FJ-3、HX-6测线的布格重力异常数据.

图 4

Fig. 4

图 4

研究区大地水准面及重力剖面位置

Fig. 4

Regional geoid undulation and the location of the gravity profile

剖面空间重力异常和布格重力异常见图 5b，布格重力异常整体上呈现西北低东南高的趋势，由西向东可分为：瑞金—华安低重力异常区(桩号-260~-70 km，重力异常约-79 ~ -57 mGal)；华安—金门重力异常梯度带(桩号-70~30 km，重力异常从-60~17 mGal)；台湾海峡高重力异常区(桩号30~110 km，重力异常约-3~20 mGal).引人注目的是华安—金门重力异常梯度带大幅升高的布格重力异常，表明长乐—南澳断裂带两侧界面深度或物质密度有较大差异，在区域构造中具有重要地位.

4 地震-重力同步反演的必要性

广角反射/折射地震方法是目前岩石圈结构研究的重要方法，但由于广角地震方法固有的非唯一性，加之实际应用中常遇到的观测系统受限制、原始资料信噪比低、地表的复杂性等问题，多解性问题较为严重.以HX-6剖面为例，实际有效地震数据对于长乐—南澳断裂带仅构成单边观测系统，无法分辨Pn震相的视速度增加(图 6c)是由于上地幔顶部波速的增加(图 6a)抑或Moho面的倾角(图 6b)，即无法确定长乐—南澳断裂带两侧地壳结构是厚度发生变化还是有横向速度差异.因此要得到对断裂带下方地壳结构的正确认识，就必须利用其他地球物理方法对广角地震反演过程进行约束以降低多解性.

图 6

Fig. 6

图 6

(a)速度模型1；(b)速度模型2；(c)折射波走时；(d)一致的波速-密度关系；(e)散布较大的波速-密度关系；(f)由(d)转换的模型重力异常；(g)由(e)转换的模型重力异常.

Fig. 6

(a) Velocity model 1; (b) Velocity model 2; (c) Refractive travel times based on the above two models; (d) A good correspondence between the Vp and density; (e) Significant scattering of relationship between the Vp and density; (f) Gravity anomalies of the two models converted in the relationship shown in (d); (g) Gravity anomalies of the two models converted in the relationship shown in (e).

由于岩石地震波速和密度之间的相关性，地震-重力联合反演自20世纪90年代以来就是重要的发展方向，但以往地震-重力综合研究多采用所谓“顺序反演”做法：先处理解释地震测深数据，然后将波速模型转换为密度模型，再修改这个密度模型使其符合重力观测值，但这种做法存在明显的悖论：初始密度模型由一个波速密度经验公式转换而来，但输出密度模型无法通过这个波速密度公式变换回与地震观测值相符的速度模型；即从地震反演的角度讲，“顺序反演”结果不再符合地震观测值；从联合反演的角度来看，“顺序反演”使模型的部分区域偏离波速密度公式，却没有给出相应的地质解释.应当特别注意的是：若允许岩石的波速和密度有较大的散布(图 6e)，则不同的速度模型可以有相同的重力异常特征(图 6g)，即地震-重力联合反演降低多解性(图 6f)的前提是波速和密度有严格的映射关系(图 6d)，而“顺序反演”实质上破坏了这个前提，无法达到降低反演多解性的目的.因此只有从岩石波速-密度的相关性出发，同步拟合地震走时和重力异常，才能有效降低反演的多解性、提高速度场的准确性，从而对地下构造有更为准确和全面的认识.

5 二维剖面反演及解释

以完善的邻区陆域走时信息反演得到的一维地壳结构模型(李培等，2015；闫培等，2015)为基础，参考初至波层析得到的沉积层模型建立二维地壳结构反演的初始模型.其中纵波波速-岩石密度的转换以纵波波速5.0 km·s-1为界，将地层分为沉积岩和结晶岩石，沉积岩采用Gardner公式(Gardner, 1974)，根据东海陆架盆地的测井资料作了调整(高德章，1995)；因目前尚无研究区内深部岩石样本物性测试报告，结晶岩石采用改进的Nafe-Drake公式(Brocher, 2005)：

地震射线追踪和重力模拟使用Macray程序包(Luetgert, 1988, 1992)，在用试射法进行射线追踪拟合的同时，将波速模型转换为密度模型，并计算模型的重力异常，用试错法反复修改，同时对地震走时和重力异常进行拟合，最终输出了一个统一的二维地壳结构(地震波速和岩石密度)模型.HX-6剖面实现了地震射线对长乐—南澳断裂带下方地壳结构的良好覆盖，在各个共炮点道集的地震走时得到很好拟合的同时(图 7a)，输出模型的重力异常计算值体现了异常观测值的全部低频特征，均方差约为1.7 mGal，达到了拟合地壳岩石密度变化的重力效应的研究目的(图 7b).

图 7

Fig. 7

图 7

(a) 5060号气枪点地震走时拟合图；(b)剖面重力异常拟合图

Fig. 7

(a) The fitting curves of the air gun source No.5060 between calculated and observed travel times; (b) Gravity fitting along HX-6 profile

地震-重力联合反演结果(图 8a)显示，长乐—南澳断裂带两侧的地壳分层结构和上地幔波速-密度无较大差异，地壳分为2层：上地壳顶部速度约为5.90 km·s-1，底部速度约为6.20 km·s-1；下地壳顶部速度约为6.25~6.29 km·s-1，底部速度约为6.70~6.75 km·s-1；壳幔分界的Moho面是一个速度跳跃较大的一级不连续面，界面下方速度约为7.9 km·s-1，上地幔顶部垂向上有一较小的速度梯度，横向上速度没有较明显的变化；壳幔密度差约为0.40 g·cm-3.Moho面埋深在长乐—南澳断裂带下方逐渐由西侧的约31 km平缓抬升至东侧即漳浦外海的约29 km，结晶基底面埋深由西侧的近似为0下降至东侧的约1 km，即长乐—南澳断裂带两侧地壳厚度有大约3 km的变化.因此我们倾向于认为长乐—南澳断裂带是华南地块正常型陆壳和台湾海峡减薄型陆壳的分界，可能是一条大型陆内剪切带而非地体拼接带.本结果对该区深部构造环境和地球动力学研究有参考意义.

图 8

Fig. 8

图 8

(a)长乐—南澳断裂带两侧地壳上地幔速度-密度结构图，图中标注数值和括号内数值分别为纵波波速(km·s-1)和密度(g·cm-3)；(b)长乐—南澳断裂带下方地震射线分布图

Fig. 8

(a) The crust and upper mantle structure across the Changle-Nan′ao fault zone, the numbers denote the values of VP (km·s-1), and the numbers in brackets represent the values of density (g·cm-3);

(b) The ray coverage beneath the Changle-Nan′ao fault zone

6 结论与讨论

利用气枪震源进行海陆联合深地震探测是目前研究大陆边缘地壳精细结构的一种非常有效的方法(丘学林等，2003)，近年来在南海北部等区域开展的海陆联测工作获得了许多有意义的成果(赵明辉等，2004).但对于海陆过渡带下方的地质目标，由于陆上难以布设大当量震源, 且海底地震仪信噪比普遍较低，实际地震资料往往仅构成单边观测系统，加上近地表低速带对走时曲线的扭曲等因素，单纯使用地震数据进行速度反演多解性较为严重；若能使用研究区的重力资料对地震反演过程进行约束，则可大幅压缩解空间降低多解性，并提高速度场的准确性和横向分辨率，从而对地下构造有更为准确和全面的认识.应当注意地震-重力联合反演的基础是波速-密度有良好的对应关系，因此应同时计算模型的地震波场和重力场，同时对地震走时和重力异常进行拟合，得出一个统一的波速-密度模型.

长乐—南澳断裂带位于海陆过渡带，难以获得完备的地球物理观测数据.本文运用地震-重力联合反演的方法，有效解决了单边观测系统速度反演的强多解性问题；其中地震走时在共炮点道集上进行拟合，避免了海域沉积层模型误差造成深部构造假象的问题.反演得到了较为可靠、具有较高分辨率的深部地壳速度与密度结构模型，结果显示研究区地壳分层结构和上地幔波速-密度无较大变化，壳幔密度差约为0.4 g·cm-3，长乐—南澳断裂带两侧地壳厚度差异约为3 km；从而推断长乐—南澳断裂带是华南地块正常型陆壳和台湾海峡减薄型陆壳的分界，具有重要的构造意义.

该模型是基于研究区内深部岩石物理性质大致符合Nafe-Drake公式的假设，若发现地壳内存在大量富钙岩石或孔隙流体，造成波速-密度关系有较大散布时，该模型须作进一步调整.另外，近地表低速带对地震走时的影响是一个较为复杂、难以精确求解的问题，低速带模型误差可能造成深部构造假象，因此，地壳速度结构的准确度有赖于更高精度的沉积层速度结构模型.

致谢

国家海洋局第二海洋研究所的吴招才博士提供了部分台湾海峡的船测空间重力异常数据，中国地震局地球物理研究所的楼海研究员对陆上重力资料的解释给出了宝贵意见，两位匿名审稿专家的建设性意见大大提高了文章质量，在此一并致谢.

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基于驱动参数建模的可行更改路径搜索和优选方法

主管：中华人民共和国教育部

主办：上海交通大学

ISSN 1006-2467 CN 31-1466/U

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上海交通大学学报（自然版） ›› 2017, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 1220-1227.

• 兵器工业 •

基于驱动参数建模的可行更改路径搜索和优选方法

陈进平1，张树生1，何卫平1，王明微1，黄晖2

1. 西北工业大学现代设计与集成制造技术教育部重点实验室，西安 710072；

2. 中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所，广东湛江 524001

出版日期:2017-10-31

发布日期:2017-10-31

基金资助:

Feasible Change Path Search and Optimization Method

Based on Driving Parameter Modeling

CHEN Jinping1,ZHANG Shusheng1,HE Weiping1,WANG Mingwei1,HUANG Hui2

1. The Key Laboratory of Contemporary Designing and Integrated Manufacturing Technology,

Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;

2. Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Chinese Academy of

Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang 524001, China

Online:2017-10-31

Published:2017-10-31

Supported by:

可视化

摘要/Abstract

摘要：为了解决产品设计更改中可行更改路径分析困难的问题，提出了一种基于驱动参数建模的可行更改路径搜索和优选方法.从集合论观点出发描述了产品中的更改传播现象；在传统产品参数建模的基础上构建产品驱动参数关联网络模型，并介绍了产品模型的预处理方法；引入深度优先搜索算法(Depth First Search, DFS)实现可行更改路径的搜索；提出了评价最优更改路径的指标和优选准则指导更改方案优选工作，采用多属性决策方法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution, TOPSIS)完成最优更改方案的优选；通过开发的原型系统，实例验证了该方法的可行性.

关键词:

设计更改；驱动参数；可行更改路径；路径搜索

Abstract: To solve the problem of difficultly analyzing the feasible change paths in the product design, a feasible change path search and optimization method was proposed based on drivenparameter modeling. The phenomenon of change propagation was described from the viewpoint of set theory. Based on traditional product parameter modeling, a product drivenparameter associated network was constructed, and the preprocess approach of product model was introduced. The depth first search (DFS) algorithm was adopted to realize the search of feasible change paths. The assessment indexes and criterions were proposed to instruct the selection of optimal change path, and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was utilized to select the optimal change path. A case was provided to verify the feasibility of the method by a developed prototype.

Key words:

design change,

driving parameter,

feasible change path,

path search

中图分类号:

TP 391

引用本文

陈进平1，张树生1，何卫平1，王明微1，黄晖2. 基于驱动参数建模的可行更改路径搜索和优选方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2017, 51(10): 1220-1227.

CHEN Jinping1,ZHANG Shusheng1,HE Weiping1,WANG Mingwei1,HUANG Hui2. Feasible Change Path Search and Optimization Method

Based on Driving Parameter Modeling[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2017, 51(10): 1220-1227.

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体重指数与体脂率指标评价肥胖:基于诊断试验的比较研究

Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Percent Body Fat in the Diagnosis of Obesity:Based on Diagnostic Tests

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目的:通过诊断试验评价体重指数(BMI)诊断肥胖的价值,并比较BMI与体脂率两种指标对肥胖相关疾病高血压、动脉硬化的预测价值,为肥胖的评价研究及指标应用的适应性提供参考.方法:采用分层整群方法,以3149名江苏省社区自然人群作为研究对象进行回顾性研究,同时测量BMI和体脂率.体脂率采用WHO和ASBP(美国减肥专科医学会)两种标准评价,筛查高血压和动脉硬化作为相关疾病.以体脂率定义的肥胖为效标,采用诊断试验的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估BMI的诊断价值,并分析和比较BMI与体脂率两种指标对肥胖相关疾病的预测价值.结果:(1)BMI对肥胖(以体脂率定义)的诊断价值:女性的ROC曲线下面积为0.949(WHO标准)、0.906(ASBP标准),高于男性的0.864(WHO、ASBP两标准相同);不同年龄组中,20 ～ 39岁青年人群的曲线下面积最高;上述非参数检验P＜0.01.(2)根据ROC曲线,与原切点相比,BMI调整切点为男26 kg/m2、女25 kg/m2(体脂率WHO标准)或男26 kg/m2、女23 kg/m2(体脂率ASBP标准),预测肥胖的特异度从90％～99％下降到76％～ 87％,但灵敏度从17％～43％大幅度增加到78％～89％,总体精确程度大幅增加;调整切点后,肥胖检出率的一致性检验Kappa系数男性从0.475提高到0.537,女性从0.115提高到0.655.当体脂率为WHO标准时,BMI预测肥胖的灵敏度、特异度均比ASBP标准更高.(3)BMI预测高血压、动脉硬化的ROC曲线下面积分别为男性0.688(95％CI:0.656 ～0.720)、0.613(95％CI:0.586～0.642),女性0.745(95％CI:0.708 ～0.782)、0.692(95％CI:0.659 ～0.726);体脂率预测高血压、动脉硬化的ROC曲线下面积分别为男性0.687(95％CI:0.655 ～0.718)、0.635(95％CI:0.608 ～0.663),女性0.723(95％CI:0.681～0.764)、0.683(95％CI:0.648～0.718);上述P＜0.01.(4)男性体脂率对动脉硬化的预测价值(曲线下面积)高于BMI (u=2.05,P＜0.05),女性无差异(u=0.75,P＞0.05);男、女体脂率和BMI对高血压的预测价值均无差异(u=0.92、1.26,P＞0.05).结论:(1)大样本研究时,BMI对肥胖(体脂率评价)有较高的诊断价值,尤其是女性、青年人群;BMI指标具备可替代性,但需要考虑切点的调整.(2)BMI和体脂率两种指标均可有效地预测人群高血压、动脉硬化风险,在女性和青年人中应用价值更大.(3)参照中国肥胖问题工作组的BMI标准,体脂率WHO标准比ASBP标准更适合中国人群评价肥胖.

作者：

黄晖明

[1]

王人卫

[2]

李森

[3]

缪爱琴

[3]

许浩

[3]

汤强

[3]

作者单位：

上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438;江苏省体育科学研究所,南京210033

[1]

上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海,200438

[2]

江苏省体育科学研究所,南京,210033

[3]

期刊：

《中国运动医学杂志》2017年36卷3期 218-225页

ISTICPKUCSCD

关键词：

体重指数体脂率肥胖预测价值诊断试验BMIpercent body fatobesitypredictive valuediagnostic test

主题词：

诊断(Diagnosis)预测(Forecasting)体重(Body Weight)女性(Femininity)研究(Research)

栏目名称：

应用研究

DOI：

10.3969/j.issn.1000-6710.2017.03.006

发布时间：

2017-04-26

基金项目：

上海市人类运动能力开发与保障重点实验室项目

2014年国家体育总局科教司科研项目

被引：91

下载：302

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不同床头抬高角度对机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎及压疮的影响-论文-万方医学网

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不同床头抬高角度对机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎及压疮的影响

Effect of different bed elevation angles on ventilator-associated pneumonia and pressure ulcer in patients with mechanical ventilation

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摘要：

目的研究不同床头抬高角度对机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎及压疮的影响效果.方法选取2013年8月至2016年12月我院行机械通气的患者76例作为研究对象,按数字随机表分为两组,各38例.对照组床头抬高45°,观察组床头抬高30°,对比两组呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)、压疮、患者满意度.结果观察组患者的VAP发生率与对照组接近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).观察组患者的压疮发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组患者的满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论床头抬高30°应用于机械通气患者效果显著,可有效降低患者VAP和压疮发生率,提高满意度,值得推广.

作者：

虞萍

[1]

黄捷晖

[1]

作者单位：

无锡市第五人民医院呼吸科, 江苏无锡,214000

[1]

期刊：

《临床肺科杂志》2018年23卷3期 522-524,529页

ISTIC

关键词：

不同床头抬高角度机械通气呼吸机相关性肺炎压疮different bed elevation anglemechanical ventilationventilator-associated pneumoniapres-sure sores

主题词：

呼吸, 人工(Respiration, Artificial)肺炎, 呼吸机相关性(Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated)对照组(Control Groups)观察(Observation)统计数据(Statistics)

栏目名称：

论著

DOI：

10.3969/j.issn.1009-6663.2018.03.038

发布时间：

2018-03-26

基金项目：

无锡市卫生局科研立项项目

被引：33

下载：280

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